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Related Experiment Videos

Extensor hallucis longus innervation: an anatomic study.

Hossein Elgafy1, Nabil A Ebraheim, Philip E Shaheen

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, OH 43614-5807, USA.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|April 20, 2002
PubMed
Summary

The extensor hallucis longus muscle is typically innervated by a single nerve branch entering from the fibular side. This branch

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • The extensor hallucis longus muscle is crucial for foot dorsiflexion.
  • Understanding its innervation pattern is vital for preventing iatrogenic injuries during surgical procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the common innervation pattern and variants of the extensor hallucis longus muscle.
  • To identify the clinical significance of these innervation patterns, particularly regarding surgical risks.

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of thirty legs from skeletally mature embalmed cadavers.
  • Detailed analysis of the origin, entry point, and course of innervating branches to the extensor hallucis longus.

Main Results:

  • 90% of muscles received a single innervating branch, while 10% received two.

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  • The majority of branches (63.6%) entered from the fibular side.
  • Branches from the fibular side showed a closer relationship with the fibular periosteum, defining a high-risk zone for injury.

    • Conclusions:

    • The extensor hallucis longus muscle is predominantly supplied by a single nerve branch entering from the fibular side.
    • This nerve branch's proximity to the fibular periosteum in a specific zone poses a significant risk for iatrogenic injury.