Nosocomial pneumonia: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention

Nosocomial pneumonia is the second most common nosocomial infection and the leading cause of death from hospital-acquired infection. Supine body position in mechanically ventilated patients, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation and continuous sedation are significant risk factors for developing nosocomial pneumonia. During the past 2 years some new therapeutic approaches for nosocomial pneumonia and modifications to established therapies have been described, such as optimal pharmacodynamic evaluations, monotherapy versus combination therapy, computer-assisted management programmes and antibiotic rotations.