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Tropical diarrhoea: new developments in traveller's diarrhoea
1Institute of Biomedicine, Clinical Research Unit--University Hospital, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|April 20, 2002
Summary
Traveller's diarrhoea affects millions annually, often caused by contaminated food and water. Empirical self-therapy with antimicrobials and loperamide is recommended for moderate-to-severe cases.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Travel Medicine
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Traveller's diarrhoea (TD) is a common illness affecting 20-50% of international travellers.
- Risk factors include travel destination, host factors, and consumption of contaminated food and water.
- Common pathogens include Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and various protozoa.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the primary objectives of treating traveller's diarrhoea.
- To recommend empirical self-therapy strategies for TD management.
- To discuss treatment options for adults and children.
Main Methods:
- Review of common causes and risk factors for traveller's diarrhoea.
- Discussion of treatment objectives and empirical self-therapy.
- Overview of antimicrobial agents and loperamide for TD treatment.
- Consideration of specific treatments for children.
Main Results:
- Empirical self-therapy with antimicrobials and loperamide is effective for moderate-to-severe TD.
- Fluoroquinolones are the preferred choice for adults.
- Specific antimicrobial options exist for children, including nalidixic acid and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Conclusions:
- Traveller's diarrhoea is a significant health concern for international travellers.
- Prompt and appropriate empirical treatment can alleviate symptoms and reduce illness duration.
- Preventive measures like hygiene and safe food practices are crucial.