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[Gorlin's syndrome. Case report].

G Addessi1, A Del Vecchio, C Maggiore

  • 1Corso di Laurea in Odontoiatria e Protesi Dentaria, Cattedra di Patologia Speciale Odontostomatologica, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.

Minerva Stomatologica
|April 20, 2002
PubMed
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This case study highlights nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCS), a rare genetic disorder. Early identification of its key features is crucial for timely diagnosis and familial screening.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Genetics
  • Oral Medicine

Background:

  • Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCS), also known as Gorlin's Syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder.
  • It is characterized by a spectrum of developmental abnormalities, including multiple basal cell carcinomas and odontogenic keratocysts.
  • Other potential manifestations include skeletal, sexual, and neurological abnormalities.

Observation:

  • A 75-year-old male with a history of multiple basal cell carcinomas presented with a suspected asymptomatic keratocyst.
  • Clinical examination revealed characteristic features such as cutaneous alterations of hands and feet (webbed digits), mild prognathism, and numerous nevi and basal cell carcinomas on the skin.
  • The oral cavity was clinically unremarkable.

Findings:

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  • The patient's presentation, particularly the association of basal cell carcinomas with odontogenic keratocysts, strongly suggests a diagnosis of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.
  • Chromosomal abnormalities, potentially involving chromosomes 5 and 9, are implicated in the pathogenesis of NBCS.
  • The specific abnormalities on chromosome 9 share similarities with those induced by prolonged UV radiation exposure, suggesting a potential role in cutaneous carcinogenesis.
  • Implications:

    • The diagnosis of NBCS necessitates further family investigations to identify other affected individuals who may be undiagnosed.
    • Early recognition of juvenile basal cell carcinomas, especially when accompanied by odontogenic keratocysts, should prompt consideration of NBCS.
    • Understanding the genetic basis and clinical spectrum of NBCS is vital for comprehensive patient management and genetic counseling.