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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Cognitive functioning in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Patricia Murphy1

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Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show executive control deficits, performing worse on specific tasks. This impairment extends beyond executive functions, impacting other cognitive areas as well.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often exhibit executive control deficiencies.
  • Understanding executive control in adults with ADHD is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate executive control deficits in adults diagnosed with ADHD.
  • To compare the performance of adults with ADHD and neurotypical adults on executive control tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Employed the Trail Making Test (B) and Tower of Hanoi to assess executive control.
  • Utilized Trail Making Test (A) and Benton Facial Recognition Test as control tasks.
  • Compared performance between 18 adults with ADHD and 18 control subjects.

Main Results:

  • Adults with ADHD demonstrated poorer performance on executive control tasks compared to controls.
  • ADHD subjects also underperformed on a control task (Trail Making Test (A)).

Conclusions:

  • Adults with ADHD exhibit a deficit in executive control.
  • The observed executive control deficit in ADHD is not isolated and affects other cognitive domains.