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Avalanches in breakdown and fracture processes.

S Zapperi1, P Ray, H E Stanley

  • 1PMMH-ESPCI, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.

Physical Review. E, Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics
|April 24, 2002
PubMed
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Disordered networks subjected to increasing force exhibit avalanche events before breakdown. These avalanches follow scaling laws, indicating a first-order phase transition in materials like those undergoing spinodal nucleation.

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Network Science

Background:

  • Disordered networks are susceptible to failure under external forces.
  • Understanding breakdown mechanisms is crucial for material stability and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the breakdown dynamics of disordered networks under mechanical or electrical stress.
  • To analyze the precursory events and scaling behavior leading to network instability.
  • To characterize the nature of the breakdown transition.

Main Methods:

  • Mean-field analysis to estimate scaling exponents approaching instability.
  • Simulation of two-dimensional models for electric breakdown and fracture.
  • Observation and analysis of avalanche events preceding breakdown.

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Main Results:

  • Breakdown is preceded by avalanche events that exhibit scaling laws.
  • Estimated scaling exponents align with mean-field theory predictions.
  • Macroscopic properties show a discontinuity at breakdown, characteristic of a first-order transition.

Conclusions:

  • The breakdown of disordered networks can be understood through avalanche dynamics and scaling laws.
  • The transition to breakdown shares analogies with spinodal nucleation.
  • The study provides insights into the critical behavior of complex systems under stress.