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Fluctuation theorem for stochastic systems.

D J Searles1, D J Evans

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.

Physical Review. E, Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics
|April 24, 2002
PubMed
Summary

The fluctuation theorem, which relates to the second law of thermodynamics, is now proven valid for stochastic nonequilibrium systems. This finding shows the theorem does not require deterministic or reversible dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Systems

Background:

  • The fluctuation theorem is a key concept in non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
  • It has been previously established for deterministic systems.
  • Its applicability to stochastic systems was an open question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the validity of the fluctuation theorem in stochastic non-equilibrium systems.
  • To determine if the theorem's applicability is dependent on deterministic or reversible dynamics.
  • To extend the theoretical understanding of thermodynamic laws in complex systems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical derivation of the fluctuation theorem for stochastic systems.
  • Numerical simulations to test the theorem's predictions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of trajectory probability ratios under non-equilibrium conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • The fluctuation theorem is demonstrated to be valid for a class of stochastic non-equilibrium systems.
    • The theorem's validity is shown to be independent of the reversibility or determinism of the system's dynamics.
    • Numerical tests confirm the theoretical findings.

    Conclusions:

    • The fluctuation theorem has broader applicability than previously thought, extending to stochastic systems.
    • This work removes constraints on determinism and reversibility for the theorem's validity.
    • The findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of thermodynamics in non-equilibrium conditions.