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Dynamics of water coning.

J E Farmen1, G Wagner, U Oxaal

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.

Physical Review. E, Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics
|April 24, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Water coning in oil reservoirs forms a bell shape near wells. Dynamics depend on gravity, tension, and flow rate, with stable cones below a critical rate and dual regimes above it.

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Area of Science:

  • Petroleum Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Porous Media Physics

Background:

  • Water coning is a phenomenon in oil reservoirs where underlying water rises to form a cone near production wells.
  • Understanding water coning dynamics is crucial for optimizing oil recovery and preventing water production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of two-dimensional water cone formation in oil reservoirs.
  • To analyze the influence of gravitational contrast, interfacial tension, and oil flow rate on cone formation.
  • To compare experimental results with theoretical predictions and simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized quasi-two-dimensional transparent porous models for cone formation experiments.
  • Systematically varied the effective acceleration due to gravity in experiments.

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  • Employed a stochastic invasion percolation model incorporating capillary forces for simulations.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified a critical flow rate (Q(c)) below which stable water cones are formed.
    • Observed two distinct dynamical regimes above Q(c): slow initial formation and rapid breakthrough.
    • Demonstrated agreement between experimental observations and simulation results.

    Conclusions:

    • The dynamics of water cone formation are governed by gravitational forces, interfacial tension, and flow rate.
    • The study validates the use of invasion percolation models with capillary forces for simulating water coning.
    • Experimental and simulation findings are consistent with theoretical predictions for water coning behavior.