[Laboratory diagnosis of hyperkinetic movement disorders in adulthood]

Hyperkinetic movement disorders such as dystonia, chorea, ballism, myoclonus, tics, and tremor may be idiopathic or symptomatic in origin. Symptomatic movement disorders need further diagnostic testing in order to identify their etiology. In addition to clinical findings, imaging techniques, and electrophysiological testing, laboratory studies are required. Here, we review the prevalence of diseases presenting with symptomatic hyperkinetic movement disorders and discuss the diagnostic relevance of laboratory studies.