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Analysis of the Development of a Morphological Phenotype as a Function of Protein Concentration in Budding Yeast
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Developmental constraints versus flexibility in morphological evolution.

Patricia Beldade1, Kees Koops, Paul M Brakefield

  • 1Institute of Evolutionary and Ecological Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9516, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. pbeldade@rulsfb.leidenuniv.nl

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|April 27, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Evolutionary developmental biology explores how development influences evolutionary change. This study shows butterfly wing patterns can change independently, suggesting natural selection, not developmental constraints, drives diversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary developmental biology
  • Evo-Devo
  • Animal morphology

Background:

  • Evolutionary developmental biology shifts focus from natural selection's sorting of variation to development's production of variation.
  • Developmental mechanisms can bias evolutionary trajectories, potentially causing stasis or limiting morphological evolution.
  • Empirical evidence for evolutionary constraints on morphology is scarce, despite extensive theoretical discussion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of developmental constraints versus natural selection in shaping butterfly wing patterns.
  • To test whether serially repeated elements, like eyespots, evolve independently or are developmentally coupled.
  • To provide empirical data on the flexibility of morphological evolution in butterfly wing patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the butterfly species Bicyclus anynana, known for its diverse wing patterns.
  • Examined the developmental relationships between multiple eyespots on the wings.
  • Assessed the potential for independent evolutionary changes in serially repeated wing pattern elements.

Main Results:

  • Despite developmental coupling between Bicyclus anynana eyespots, significant potential for independent changes was observed.
  • This developmental flexibility allows for substantial evolutionary modification of wing patterns.
  • The findings challenge the notion of strong internal developmental constraints limiting evolutionary novelty.

Conclusions:

  • Butterfly wing pattern evolution exhibits considerable flexibility, supporting a major role for natural selection.
  • Developmental pathways do not appear to be a primary constraint on the diversification of these complex traits.
  • The study highlights the interplay between developmental bias and natural selection in generating biodiversity.