[Genetic testing and counseling for familial tumor syndromes]

Recent developments in molecular biology have increased our understanding of the genetics of familial tumor syndromes. Isolation of the responsible genes has made it possible to identify gene carriers before they manifest clinical symptoms, which enables early detection of disease and at times prophylactic surgery. Indications for genetic testing of susceptible family members, however, should be carefully considered. Genetic counseling must be provided to clients before genetic tests. Patients should be provided with the latest knowledge on the disease and appropriately informed of the benefits and possible problems associated with genetic test, as such information is essential for clients to decide whether they will undergo such tests. Genetic medicine is not sufficiently available at present in Japan. Establishment of genetic services that deal with genetic counseling, family support and ethical, social and legal issues is strongly desired.