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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
09:12

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Published on: July 4, 2013

Intimate partner violence: causes and prevention.

Rachel Jewkes1

  • 1Gender and Health Group, Medical Research Council, Private Bag X385, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa. rhewkes@mrc.ac.za

Lancet (London, England)
|April 30, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Poverty and social norms significantly increase intimate partner violence (IPV) risk. Empowering women and reducing violence acceptance are key to prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Public Health
  • Criminology

Background:

  • Intimate partner violence (IPV) lacks clearly defined social and demographic risk groups, unlike many health issues.
  • Poverty is a notable exception, elevating IPV risk through increased conflict, reduced female agency, and impacts on male identity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key social and demographic factors influencing intimate partner violence risk.
  • To explore the non-linear relationship between women's empowerment and IPV risk.
  • To inform primary preventive interventions for intimate partner violence.

Main Methods:

  • The study synthesizes existing research on social determinants of intimate partner violence.
  • Analysis focuses on the interplay between poverty, conflict, alcohol consumption, women's empowerment, and societal norms.

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  • Qualitative and quantitative data on relationship dynamics and societal violence acceptance are considered.

    • Main Results:

    • Poverty exacerbates IPV risk by fueling conflict over finances, jealousy, and gender roles, and by challenging male identity.
    • Heavy alcohol consumption is linked to increased violence.
    • While high levels of women's empowerment offer protection, the relationship is non-linear at lower empowerment levels.
    • Societal acceptance of violence as a norm amplifies individual risk.

    Conclusions:

    • Primary prevention strategies should address poverty, reduce alcohol consumption, and challenge norms that accept violence.
    • Improving women's status and agency is crucial for mitigating intimate partner violence.
    • Interventions must consider the complex interplay of individual, relationship, and societal factors.