What Do Infants Really Eat?

Claire Ryan1, Johanna Dwyer, Paula Ziegler

  • 1Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (Ms Ryan); Tufts University Medical School, School of Nutrition, and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, Mass (Dr Dwyer); Gerber Products Company, Summit, NJ (Drs Ziegler and Moore); and Michigan State University, East Lansing (Drs Yang and Song).; Claire Ryan, MS, RD, received her Bachelor of Science degree from Cornell University. She recently completed her Master of Science degree at the Tufts University School of Nutrition Science and Policy and her dietetic internship at Frances Stern Nutrition Center. She is an inpatient dietitian at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Mass.; Johanna Dwyer, DSc, RD, is a professor at Tufts University's Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy and its School of Medicine.; Paula Zielger, PhD, RD, CFCS, is a principal scientist and registered dietitian for the Gerber Products Company. She has more than 10 years' experience in the food industry and has also taught and done research in the university world. Areas of expertise include new business ventures, clinical trials, educational materials, nutrition counseling, and consumer trends. Paula also has overseen nutrition research and counseling of young athletes since 1988 for the US Figure Skating Association. She is a Gold Test Medalist, an International Synchronized Skating and National Judge.; Eunju Yang, PhD, is a research associate in the Food and Nutrition Database Research Center (FNDRC), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition at Michigan State University. Dr Yang's research focus has been on health risks associated with dietary habits in culturally diverse populations in the United States, including Korean Americans.; Linda Moore, DA, is a native of Michigan who received her bachelor's degree from Western Michigan University and her master's and Doctor of Arts degrees from Ball State University in Muncie, Ind. In 1995, she accepted a position in research and development at Gerber Products Company, where her duties centered on data analysis and computer systems. Dr Moore currently serves as manager, research and development information and knowledge management.; Won O. Song, PhD, MPH, RD, is a professor of human nutrition, director of FNDRC, and associate dean in the College of Human Ecology at Michigan State University. In the FNDRC, Dr Song has focused her research on nutrition education and dietary typology in relation to health risks in children and low-income populations in the United States.

Nutrition Today
|May 2, 2002
PubMed

Related Concept Videos

Taste During Infancy01:20

Taste During Infancy

The sense of taste begins developing before birth and is shaped by biological predispositions and early experience. During pregnancy, flavors from foods consumed by the mother can enter the amniotic fluid, exposing the fetus to different flavors. These prenatal experiences may contribute to food preferences after birth.Prenatal and Breastfeeding InfluencesAfter birth, flavors from a mother’s diet can also pass into breast milk. Repeated exposure to these flavors during breastfeeding may make...
Physical Growth During Infancy and Toddlerhood01:18

Physical Growth During Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical growth is especially rapid during the first three years of life, with the greatest rate in the first few months after birth. Although children continue to gain height and weight throughout infancy and toddlerhood, the rate of growth gradually slows during the second and third years. At most ages, boys are typically slightly taller and heavier than girls, reflecting a common pattern of early physical development.Changes in Body ProportionsAs infants become toddlers, their body...
Vision During Infancy and Toddlerhood01:23

Vision During Infancy and Toddlerhood

At birth, vision is the least developed of the major senses because the visual system is still structurally and neurologically immature. The retinas, optic nerves, and visual regions of the brain continue to mature after birth. As a result, newborns have limited visual acuity, or sharpness and clarity of vision, and respond best to objects viewed at close range, roughly 8 to 12 inches away.Rapid Visual DevelopmentVision improves rapidly during the first few months as infants observe and...
First Words During Infancy and Toddlerhood: Part 101:26

First Words During Infancy and Toddlerhood: Part 1

Language development in infancy progresses from understanding words to producing meaningful speech. Infants use contextual and social cues to connect sounds with meanings and gradually expand their vocabulary.Word Recognition Before SpeechInfants understand words before they can say them. By about six months, they may look toward a familiar object, such as a banana, when hearing its name. This receptive vocabulary provides a foundation for later speech.First Words and Linguistic SpeechMost...
Early Vocalization During Infancy01:24

Early Vocalization During Infancy

Communication in infancy begins with crying, a reflexive and adaptive behavior that signals needs such as hunger, discomfort, or anger. Variations in pitch, pattern, and intensity help caregivers interpret these states, making crying an important survival mechanism during the neonatal period.Emergence of VocalizationsBy about six weeks, infants begin cooing, producing vowel-like sounds, squeals, and gurgles that often indicate contentment. Between six and ten months, cooing develops into...
Perceiving Language Sounds and Structure During Infancy01:20

Perceiving Language Sounds and Structure During Infancy

Infants are born with a predisposition to perceive and categorize basic linguistic sounds. Early in development, they can discriminate sounds from many languages and detect differences in rhythm and pattern. This sensitivity may begin before birth. Newborns exposed to two languages prenatally can recognize both, indicating that fetal language exposure influences later auditory discrimination.Recognition of Familiar SoundsBy five months, infants show preferences for familiar auditory stimuli,...