Related Experiment Videos
[Epistemological focus on sphygmomanometry].
Rafael Chávez Domínguez1, Alfredo de Micheli
1Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México. rchavez@cardiologia.org.mx
Summary
The evolution of blood pressure measurement began with Stephen Hales in the 18th century. Innovations by Basch, Riva-Rocci, and Korotkoff led to modern sphygmomanometry, with mercury columns remaining prevalent.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular physiology
- Medical instrumentation history
Background:
- Early blood pressure measurement techniques originated in the 18th century with Stephen Hales.
- Direct blood pressure recording in animals and humans advanced through the 19th century with pioneers like Chauveau, Poiseuille, and Faivre.
Observation:
- The first practical mercury column sphygmomanometer was developed by Samuel K. von Basch in 1881.
- Scipione Riva-Rocci's 1896 device, based on the Vierordt principle, measured pulse wave pressure.
- Nikolai Korotkoff's auscultatory method integrated with sphygmomanometry.
Findings:
- The 20th century saw the development of oscillometers (Pachon, Plesch) and aneroid manometers.
- Direct arterial pressure recordings revealed significant daily blood pressure fluctuations.
- The mercury column sphygmomanometer has remained a durable and widely used instrument.
Implications:
- Despite technological advancements, the mercury sphygmomanometer's utility persists.
- Continuous ambulatory sphygmomanometry represents an evolving frontier in blood pressure monitoring.