Expression of amelin and trauma-induced dentin formation

According to recent studies, amelin (ameloblastin, sheathlin) is expressed in young odontoblasts at the initiation of dentin formation during odontogenesis. The purpose of the present investigation was to study whether amelin is also expressed at the onset of trauma-induced reparative dentin formation. The mandibular developing first molars of 5-day-old rats were surgically taken out, and their pulp tissue briefly separated from the inner dentin surface and immediately repositioned. Then the teeth were re-implanted in their alveoli. At 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 or 14 days after surgery, the animals were sacrificed and the experimental teeth evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry for amelin. At 2, 4, 6 and 8 days after surgery, the detached and traumatized odontoblasts in the experimental teeth exhibited increasing signs of degeneration and loss of intracellular structures. At days 6 and 8 after surgery, immunohistochemistry revealed a strong staining for amelin in the traumatized odontoblastic layer. Twelve and 14 days after replantation, only necrotic cell remnants of the traumatized odontoblasts were discernible. At this stage, no amelin could be detected by immunostaining. A wide zone of an unorganized mineralized tissue surrounded the odontoblastic cell remnants. On the pulpal side of the unorganized tissue, a new, highly organized tubular reparative dentin layer was observed, bordered by columnar odontoblast-like cells abutting on newly formed predentin. The results indicate that the initiation of trauma-induced reparative dentin formation mimics that of primary dentin formation and that amelin seems to be involved in both processes, possibly as a signaling molecule.