Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 1, 2026

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Published on: April 7, 2021
Effect of smoke inhalation injury on fluid requirement in burn resuscitation
Takeshi Inoue1, Kiyoshi Okabayashi, Minako Ohtani
1Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan. tinoue@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Abstract:
The effect of smoke inhalation injury on fluid requirement was assessed retrospectively. A total of 131 burn patients were classified into two groups: burn patients with smoke inhalation injury (Group IB: 73 patients) and burn patients without inhalation injury (Group B: 58 patients). Fluid resuscitation was commenced according to the Parkland formula and the infusion rate was modified to meet the main resuscitation goal of an hourly urine output of 1.0 to 2.0 ml/kg. Regression analyses were performed on the volume of fluid administered during the initial 24 hours after injury by burn size for each group. The linear equations obtained were Y (ml/kg/24 hrs) = 71.0 + 5.08 x %TBSA (Group IB) and Y = 39.7 + 5.14 x %TBSA (Group B). A substantial effect of inhalation injury on fluid requirement was speculated to be reflected in a y intercept difference of about 30 ml/kg/24 hrs. Thus, an increase in the fluid requirement related to the presence of inhalation injury was found to be independent and additional to burn injury.
Related Concept Videos
Acute Respiratory Failure-V
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
Burn Injuries
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Flail Chest-II
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...

