Glycolipid analysis of different tissues and cerebrospinal fluid in type II Gaucher disease

The lipid composition or the liver, spleen, brain, cerebellum and cerebrospinal fluid of a Gaucher disease type II patient who died at the age of 5 months was examined. The glycolipid analysis demonstrated a marked increase of total amounts not only in the peripheral tissues but also in the brain cerebellum and cerebrospinal fluid, with a prevalence of glucosylceramide. A reduction in gangliosides was observed in all the analysed tissues with a relative increase of GD3 in the nervous tissue. The fatty acid composition of glucosylceramide showed a prevalence of stearic acid in the central nervous system, while in the peripheral tissues palmitic acid was prevalent. This result suggests a different origin of the glucosylceramide stored in different tissues. The generalized reduction of gangliosides and their modified distribution together with the central nervous system GD3 increment represent a new observation. These data could be useful in the effort to clarify the pathophysiological mechanism of brain damage in neuronopathic Gaucher disease.