Measured muscle sodium content in biopsy specimens is a reflection of true intracellular content

Determined on the basis of small skeletal muscle biopsies, muscle sodium content has a very high coefficient of variation. Furthermore, at least some of the measured sodium must originate from the extracellular space. In order to assess the applicability of the measurement of intracellular sodium on small muscle biopsy specimens, the measured sodium content was related to the content of dry solids in 25 muscle biopsy samples, and compared with the theoretical content of sodium with varying extra- and intracellular water content in biopsy samples. Four of the 25 measurements were clearly outliers. Disregarding these outliers, it was found that muscle sodium content varied with intracellular water content, whereas the theoretical effect of addition of extracellular water could not account for the observed values. The difference depended upon the specified conditions, but the slope of the theoretical regression line (-25.92 mmol x (kg dry weight)(-1) x %(-1), which was closest to the observed slope, -8.55 mmol x (kg dry weight)(-1) x %(-1), differed substantially (p < 0.0001). No association was found between the primarily intracellular ions muscle potassium and muscle magnesium on the one hand and either muscle sodium or muscle water content on the other. The measured sodium content in muscle biopsy specimens, which are freeze-dried and dissected, seems to reflect the true intracellular sodium content to some extent. The total content of sodium seems to be closely related to the content of water within the skeletal muscle cells.