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Leukemia in infants.

Saika Somjee1, Rupa Sapre, Shaila Shinde

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India. saikal@rediffmail.com

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|May 11, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Infantile acute leukemia presents with vague symptoms and has a poor prognosis. This study analyzed 18 infant cases, identifying subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology Oncology
  • Infant Cancer Research
  • Leukemia Diagnostics

Background:

  • Acute leukemia in infants is rare and presents with non-specific symptoms.
  • Early diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion from pediatricians.
  • Infantile leukemia often exhibits unique biological characteristics, treatment resistance, and a poor prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze clinical and laboratory data of infants diagnosed with acute leukemia.
  • To characterize the subtypes and immunophenotypes of acute leukemia in infants.
  • To understand the diagnostic challenges and presentation of infantile acute leukemia.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 18 infants diagnosed with acute leukemia between 1994 and 2001.

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  • Classification based on FAB morphology and immunophenotyping (surface markers).
  • Evaluation of clinical presentation, including hyperleucocytosis, organomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and chloroma.

    • Main Results:

    • 13 cases of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and 4 cases of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) were identified.
    • Morphological subtypes included FAB L1/L2 for ALL and M1/M2 for AML.
    • Immunophenotyping revealed CALLA-positive ALL, Early Pre-B ALL, T-ALL, and AML subtypes. One patient presented with a chloroma.

    Conclusions:

    • Infantile acute leukemia encompasses diverse subtypes (ALL and AML) with distinct morphological and immunophenotypic features.
    • Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical suspicion, morphology, and immunophenotyping.
    • The study highlights the challenges in diagnosing and managing acute leukemia in infants, with no patients receiving treatment during the study period.