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Related Concept Videos

Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity01:25

Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity

Bioactivation is a metabolic process that transforms less reactive substances into highly reactive metabolites, initiating tissue toxicity. This transformation can lead to various toxic effects, including carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Reactive metabolites are classified into two main types: electrophiles and free radicals.Electrophiles are electron-deficient species and are produced primarily by the enzyme cytochrome P-450 during the metabolism of compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, or...
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Visualization of Vascular Ca2+ Signaling Triggered by Paracrine Derived ROS
07:33

Visualization of Vascular Ca2+ Signaling Triggered by Paracrine Derived ROS

Published on: December 21, 2011

Oxidative stress and endothelial activation.

Lance S Terada1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, and the Dallas VAMC, Dallas, TX 75216, USA. lance.terada@med.va.gov

Critical Care Medicine
|May 11, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Vascular cells generate oxidants, contributing to oxidative stress. An NADPH oxidase in endothelial cells is regulated, impacting signal specificity.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The vascular endothelium is susceptible to oxidative stress.
  • Understanding the molecular origins and physiological effects of oxidative activity is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the sources and consequences of oxidative stress in vascular cells.
  • To investigate the role of endogenous oxidants in vascular cell signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on oxidant generation in vascular cells.
  • Examination of endothelial cell NADPH oxidase subunit expression.
  • Analysis of NADPH oxidase regulation in activity and subcellular targeting.

Main Results:

  • Vascular cells, including endothelial cells, produce endogenous oxidants.

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  • Cytokine and growth factor stimulation triggers oxidant generation.
  • Endothelial cells express key subunits of NADPH oxidase.
  • NADPH oxidase activity and localization are tightly regulated.

    • Conclusions:

    • Endogenous oxidants generated by vascular cells play a role in signal transduction.
    • NADPH oxidase in endothelial cells is a significant source of regulated oxidants.
    • Regulation of NADPH oxidase contributes to the specificity of oxidant signaling.