Experimental control of cardiac muscle alternans

We demonstrate that alternans in small pieces of in vitro paced bullfrog (Rana Catesbeiana) myocardium can be suppressed by making minute adjustments to the pacing period in response to real time measurements of the action potential duration. Control is possible over a large range of physiological conditions over many animals and the self-referencing control protocol can automatically adjust to changes in the pacing interval. Our results suggest the feasibility of developing low-energy methods for maintaining normal cardiac function.