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Low level social engagement as a precursor of mortality among people in later life
1Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK. kmb@liv.ac.uk
Objective:
to examine if a low level of social engagement is a precursor for mortality.
Methods:
a case-control design, controlling for physical health, age and sex examining social engagement and morale. We took measures on 3 occasions, 4 years apart.
Results:
a low level of social engagement was an important precursor of 8-year mortality. There were intermediate significant differences for social engagement, physical health and morale.
Conclusions:
levels of social engagement either have a direct effect on mortality, or represent hidden health problems, acting as a marker for later ill health. Social engagement may also have a role in intermediate declines in physical health and morale.
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