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Updated: Oct 1, 2026

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
Published on: February 2, 2017
Longitudinal study of the pubertal growth spurt in children born small for gestational age without postnatal catch-up
E Vicens-Calvet1, R M Espadero, A Carrascosa
1Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. evicens@airtel.net
Insights
Children born small for gestational age without postnatal catch-up growth showed a delayed pubertal growth spurt. Despite this, their final adult height was significantly reduced, indicating puberty did not alter their short stature outcome.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Endocrinology
- Human Growth and Development
Background:
- Most children born small for gestational age (SGA) achieve catch-up growth.
- A subset of SGA children (SGAWPC) lack postnatal catch-up growth, with poorly understood pubertal development.
- Evaluating pubertal growth spurts requires longitudinal tracking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the long-term pubertal growth spurt and final height in children born SGA without postnatal catch-up (SGAWPC).
Main Methods:
- An observational, retrospective, multicenter study followed 15 boys and 16 girls born SGAWPC throughout puberty.
- Growth data were compared against Tanner and Spanish growth references.
- Key metrics included pubertal 'take-off', peak height velocity, pubertal gain, and adult height.
Main Results:
- Pubertal growth 'take-off' was delayed in SGAWPC children compared to reference populations.
- Peak height velocity was chronologically normal but the total pubertal gain was smaller.
- Adult height was significantly reduced in both males (161.9 cm) and females (147.0 cm).
Conclusions:
- Children born SGAWPC experience a delayed pubertal growth spurt with reduced overall pubertal gain.
- Despite pubertal differences, the final adult height remains significantly reduced, suggesting puberty does not significantly impact the final short stature outcome.
Abstract:
Most children born small for gestational age (SGA) experience extensive catch-up growth during the first months of life (87%) and by the age of 2 years only 13% are below -2 SDS for height. The long-term outcome, including pubertal growth spurt, of the subset of children born SGA without postnatal catch-up (SGAWPC) has been evaluated in very few surveys, and in none of them was the landmarks of puberty well described. Thus, a longitudinal study was conducted in these children throughout puberty since this is the only reliable way to accurately evaluate the pubertal growth spurt. In an observational, retrospective and multicenter collaborative study, from an initial group of 553 SGA children, a subset of 15 boys (BW = 2,070 +/- 379.6 g) and 16 girls (BW = 2,244 +/- 331.1 g) SGAWPC whose data were recorded regularly during puberty were selected. Growth standards for growth and maturity during puberty were Tanner and Whitehouse and Spanish Hernandez and Sobradillo charts. In pubertal growth spurt, 'take-off' occurred later than in the reference populations with a height SDS deficiency of -2.3 and -2.2 for boys and -2.0 and -1.9 for girls, compared with Spanish and Tanner references, respectively. Peak height velocity was normal in chronology and intensity, but the total pubertal gain was smaller. However, considering their growth from the same chronological age at which the reference populations took off until adulthood, the total gain was not significantly different in the three cohorts (32.5 +/- 5.4 cm vs 30.9 +/- 4.4 in boys, and 23.3 +/- 4.1 vs 25.7 +/- 5.4 cm in girls - Spanish reference - and 27.2 +/- 6.3 vs 27.6 +/- 3.5 cm in boys - Tanner charts), except in the case of girls (21.1 +/- 3.9 vs 25.3 +/- 4.1 cm, p <0.005 - Tanner charts). Adult height was significantly reduced (161.9 +/- 3.9 cm in males and 147.0 +/- 2.6 cm in females). Therefore, although the pubertal growth was smaller in these children, puberty probably did not modify their short final height.
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