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Gravity as a biochemical determinant.

S M Siegel1

  • 1Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.

Life Sciences and Space Research
|January 1, 1979
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Altered gravity causes chemical changes in cells, with some adaptations being temporary and others permanent. Research explores how different gravity simulation methods affect plant and human biochemistry.

Area of Science:

  • Astrobiology
  • Space Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Altered gravity environments, such as orbital weightlessness, induce significant morphological and physiological changes in living systems.
  • These changes reflect underlying shifts in cellular and organismal chemistry, with varying degrees of persistence after returning to Earth's gravity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biochemical responses of living systems to altered gravity conditions.
  • To compare the effects of actual weightlessness with simulated hypogravity (clinostat, flotation) on cellular chemistry.
  • To explore the relationship between biochemical alterations induced by different gravity manipulation techniques and their implications for understanding gravity's role.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of transient and persistent biochemical changes in response to orbital weightlessness and simulated hypogravity.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurement of specific enzyme and metabolite levels (e.g., plant ethylene, peroxidase, dehydrogenase, cytochrome reductase, malic dehydrogenase) under different gravitational conditions.
  • Comparison of biochemical data obtained from orbital studies with those from ground-based simulations like clinostat and flotation.

    • Main Results:

    • Orbital weightlessness causes temporary alterations in serum hormone and electrolyte levels in humans, while skeletal and plant cell wall compositions show more persistent changes.
    • Plant ethylene and peroxidase increase under both orbital and simulated hypogravity, but 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde-dehydrogenase is affected only by orbital conditions.
    • Clinostat affects cytochrome reductase and malic dehydrogenase, whereas actual weightlessness does not, highlighting differences between simulated and real hypogravity.

    Conclusions:

    • Biochemical responses to altered gravity are complex, with some adaptations being transient and others long-lasting.
    • Different methods of simulating hypogravity yield distinct biochemical outcomes, indicating limitations in ground-based models.
    • Contradictory findings, such as those regarding plant wall lignin and peroxidase activity, underscore the need for further research to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which gravity influences biological systems.