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Photosensitivity disorders: cause, effect and management.

Thomas P Millard1, John L M Hawk

  • 1Department of Photobiology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK. thomas.millard@kcl.ac.uk

American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
|May 16, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Abnormal photosensitivity syndromes, including polymorphic light eruption and chronic actinic dermatitis, are common, disabling skin conditions. Management focuses on ultraviolet radiation (UVR) restriction, sunscreens, and sometimes phototherapy or medication.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Photobiology
  • Immunodermatology

Background:

  • Abnormal photosensitivity syndromes encompass a wide range of common and disabling skin conditions.
  • These include primary photodermatoses like polymorphic light eruption (PLE) and chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD), as well as drug-induced and photo-exacerbated dermatoses.
  • Accurate diagnosis and management can be challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of abnormal photosensitivity syndromes.
  • To discuss the diverse clinical presentations and diagnostic difficulties.
  • To outline current management strategies for various photosensitivity disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of primary photodermatoses: PLE, CAD, actinic prurigo, hydroa vacciniforme, solar urticaria.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Discussion of exogenous photosensitivity: drug- and chemical-induced.
  • Exploration of photo-exacerbated dermatoses.
  • Summary of treatment modalities including UVR restriction, sunscreens, phototherapy (PUVA, UVB), and pharmacotherapy (cyclosporine, azathioprine, thalidomide, antihistamines).

    • Main Results:

    • Polymorphic light eruption (PLE) management involves UVR restriction, high SPF sunscreens, and potentially prophylactic phototherapy.
    • Chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) requires UVR restriction, and may necessitate systemic immunosuppressants or PUVA.
    • Actinic prurigo treatment includes UVR avoidance, sunscreens, phototherapy, or thalidomide.
    • Hydroa vacciniforme management is difficult, relying on sunscreens and UVR restriction.
    • Solar urticaria treatment options include antihistamines, UVR avoidance, and plasmapheresis.
    • Drug- and chemical-induced photosensitivity necessitate removal of the causative agent and UVR avoidance.
    • Photo-exacerbated dermatoses benefit from reduced UVR exposure and appropriate underlying disease treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Abnormal photosensitivity syndromes present diverse clinical features and require tailored management strategies.
    • Effective management hinges on accurate diagnosis, UVR avoidance, sun protection, and targeted therapies.
    • Further research into novel therapeutic approaches for severe or refractory cases is warranted.