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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Gene expression analysis reveals chemical-specific profiles.

Hisham K Hamadeh1, Pierre R Bushel, Supriya Jayadev

  • 1National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, MD2-04, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.

Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology
|May 16, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Toxicogenomics uses gene expression profiles to identify chemical classes. This study confirms that distinct gene expression patterns in rat liver tissues can differentiate between peroxisome proliferators and enzyme inducers, aiding toxicological classification.

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Gene expression profiling offers a powerful approach to understanding chemical toxicity mechanisms.
  • Toxicogenomics aims to build databases correlating gene expression profiles with known toxicological outcomes.
  • Distinguishing chemical-specific gene expression patterns is crucial for the validity of toxicogenomics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To verify the hypothesis that distinct gene expression patterns can classify toxicants.
  • To assess the utility of high-density microarray analysis in toxicogenomic strategies.
  • To investigate chemical-specific gene expression profiles in response to different classes of compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-density microarray analysis to examine gene expression profiles in rat liver tissues.
  • Exposed rats to compounds from different chemical classes: peroxisome proliferators (clofibrate, Wyeth 14,643, gemfibrozil) and enzyme inducers (phenobarbital).
  • Analyzed and compared gene expression patterns to identify chemical-specific signatures.

Main Results:

  • Observed similar gene expression profiles among rats treated with different peroxisome proliferators.
  • Demonstrated a distinctly different gene expression profile for rats treated with phenobarbital, an enzyme inducer.
  • Confirmed that gene expression patterns can differentiate between chemical classes.

Conclusions:

  • Gene expression profiling effectively distinguishes between different classes of chemical toxicants.
  • This approach provides valuable mechanistic insights into chemical toxicity.
  • Toxicogenomics, utilizing gene expression patterns, is a valid strategy for chemical classification and public health protection.