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[Hepatitis D].

José Carlos Ferraz da Fonseca1

  • 1Fundação de Medicina Tropical, Manaus, AM, 69040-000, Brasil.

Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Medicina Tropical
|May 16, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection, dependent on hepatitis B virus (HBV), causes severe liver disease globally. Vaccination against HBV is key for HDV prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Context:

  • Hepatitis D virus (HDV), or delta virus, is a significant global health concern.
  • HDV requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication, affecting both HBV-infected and chronically infected individuals.
  • High endemicity is noted in Brazil's western Amazon region, with an estimated 18 million infected worldwide.

Purpose:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection.
  • To highlight the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and management of HDV.
  • To emphasize the link between HBV and HDV and discuss prevention strategies.

Summary:

  • HDV is a small circular RNA virus dependent on HBV, causing infections and superinfections.
  • Diagnosis involves liver biopsy (HDAg) and serum tests (anti-HD IgM/IgG).
  • Clinical outcomes range from fulminant hepatitis to progressive cirrhosis, liver failure, and death, with limited treatment options.

Impact:

  • HDV infection significantly worsens liver disease prognosis compared to HBV alone.
  • Chronic HDV infection accelerates liver damage, leading to cirrhosis and increased mortality.
  • Prevention through HBV vaccination is the primary strategy, as effective HDV treatments are lacking.

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