Role of cell cycle molecules in the pathophysiology of glomerular epithelial cells

The postmitotic characteristics of podocytes are the basis for the structural assembly and central function (filtration) of the glomeruli. Persistent cell cycle quiescence is required for stability in these cells. In cells of the podocyte lineage, transdifferentiation from the metanephric mesenchyme to mature podocytes is closely associated with tight regulation of the expression of cell cycle molecules. This cell cycle control in podocytes acts as a safeguard for the glomeruli; however, deregulation of this system might result in structural deterioration. This article focuses on the expression of cell cycle molecules in podocyte differentiation and pathology.