Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Estimating the average distribution of Antarctic krill <i>Euphausia superba</i> at the northern Antarctic Peninsula during austral summer and winter.

Polar biology·2022
Same author

Coercive parenting: modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors in parents of children with developmental disabilities.

Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR·2021
Same author

Parathyroid suppression therapy normalizes chronic kidney disease-induced elevations in cortical bone vascular perfusion: a pilot study.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2019
Same author

Increased risk of group B Streptococcus causing meningitis in infants with mannose-binding lectin deficiency.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2019
Same author

First Report of Choke Disease Caused by Epichloë typhina on Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) in China.

Plant disease·2019
Same author

[Application of robot-assisted surgery in the surgical treatment of head and neck cancer].

Zhonghua kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Zhonghua kouqiang yixue zazhi = Chinese journal of stomatology·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
05:51

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

Published on: July 24, 2016

Innate immune responses in viral encephalitis.

C S Reiss1, D A Chesler, J Hodges

  • 1Biology Department, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003-6688, USA.

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|May 17, 2002
PubMed
Summary

The innate immune system, crucial for fighting viral encephalitis in the central nervous system (CNS), involves resident and recruited cells. Inefficient innate immunity increases CNS pathology, highlighting the need for further research and therapies.

More Related Videos

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
04:23

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
08:36

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Published on: April 19, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
05:51

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

Published on: July 24, 2016

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
04:23

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
08:36

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Published on: April 19, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • The innate immune system is a complex network of cells and mediators essential for host defense.
  • In the central nervous system (CNS), innate immunity initiates and amplifies inflammatory responses to viral infections like encephalitis.
  • Neurons, being non-renewing, necessitate non-cytolytic viral clearance mechanisms in the CNS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted role of the innate immune system in the CNS during viral encephalitis.
  • To understand the contribution of resident and recruited cells in CNS antiviral responses.
  • To highlight the importance of efficient innate immunity in preventing CNS pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on innate immunity in the CNS.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in viral encephalitis.
  • Comparative study of immune responses in the CNS versus peripheral compartments.

Main Results:

  • Innate immune cells, both resident and recruited, are critical for initiating and amplifying CNS inflammation during viral encephalitis.
  • Non-cytolytic viral clearance strategies are vital in the non-renewing environment of the CNS.
  • Inefficiency or absence of innate immune responses correlates with increased pathology in viral encephalitis.

Conclusions:

  • The innate immune system plays a pivotal role in managing viral infections within the CNS.
  • Further research is required to fully elucidate the cellular players and mediators involved.
  • Development of novel therapeutic strategies for CNS infections is a critical unmet need.