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Exopolysaccharide depolymerases induced by Rhizobium bacteriophages.

Y M Barnet, B Humphrey

    Canadian Journal of Microbiology
    |October 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Bacteriophage-induced enzymes depolymerize exopolysaccharides in Rhizobium trifolii and Rhizobium leguminosarum, but not in Rhizobium meliloti or Agrobacterium. Enzyme activity requires calcium or magnesium ions and occurs during phage infection or with non-susceptible strains.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are crucial for Rhizobium survival and symbiosis.
    • Bacteriophages can influence bacterial physiology, including EPS production and modification.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the depolymerization activity of enzymes induced by Rhizobium trifolii bacteriophages on bacterial exopolysaccharides.
    • To determine the specificity of these enzymes against different Rhizobium species and related bacteria.
    • To identify factors influencing enzyme activity.

    Main Methods:

    • Enzyme induction from Rhizobium trifolii bacteriophages.
    • Testing enzyme activity on exopolysaccharides from various Rhizobium strains (R. trifolii, R. leguminosarum, R. meliloti) and Agrobacterium.

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  • Assessing the effect of divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+) on enzyme activity.
  • Correlating exopolysaccharide depolymerization with successful phage infection.

    • Main Results:

    • Enzymes induced by R. trifolii bacteriophages depolymerized EPS from most R. trifolii and R. leguminosarum strains.
    • Enzyme activity was generally not observed against R. meliloti or Agrobacterium exopolysaccharides.
    • Enzyme activity was dependent on the presence of Ca2+ and/or Mg2+.
    • Exopolysaccharide depolymerization occurred during successful phage infection and also with exopolysaccharides from nonsusceptible strains.

    Conclusions:

    • Bacteriophage-induced enzymes exhibit specificity in exopolysaccharide depolymerization, targeting certain Rhizobium species.
    • Divalent cations are essential cofactors for the activity of these depolymerizing enzymes.
    • The observed depolymerization, even in nonsusceptible strains, suggests complex interactions between phages, bacterial EPS, and host factors.