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[Genetic alterations of transcription cofactors in solid tumors]
Jean-François Rouayrenc1, Audrey Castet, Jean-Marc Rey
1Inserm U. 540, Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers, 60, rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France. v.cavailles@u540.montp.inserm.fr
Abstract:
Many hormones exert their effects through specific nuclear receptors which belong to a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. These receptors control target gene expression through the recruitment of different cofactors acting as transcription activation or repression mediators, generally as parts of multiprotein complexes. The importance and the role in physiopathology of these different cofactors only begin to be defined. Different types of alterations affecting genes coding nuclear receptor transcription cofactors have indeed been described in cancer. The most important examples are gene amplification that leads to overexpression and gene mutations or translocations introducing qualitative modifications. This paper aims at bringing together the corresponding literature and focuses on gene alterations observed in solid tumors.
Insights
Alterations in nuclear receptor cofactors, crucial for gene regulation, are implicated in cancer. This review focuses on gene changes like amplification and mutations in solid tumors.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Oncology
Background:
- Hormones regulate gene expression via nuclear receptors, which are ligand-activated transcription factors.
- Nuclear receptors recruit cofactors to mediate gene transcription, forming multiprotein complexes.
- The role of these cofactors in physiology and disease is increasingly recognized.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and consolidate literature on gene alterations affecting nuclear receptor transcription cofactors.
- To focus specifically on alterations observed in solid tumors.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on nuclear receptor cofactors and cancer.
- Focus on gene amplification, mutations, and translocations.
- Analysis of alterations in solid tumor contexts.
Main Results:
- Gene alterations in nuclear receptor cofactors are described in various cancers.
- Gene amplification leading to overexpression is a significant mechanism.
- Mutations and translocations cause qualitative changes in cofactor function.
Conclusions:
- Gene alterations in nuclear receptor cofactors play a role in solid tumor development.
- Understanding these alterations is crucial for defining their physiopathological significance.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of cofactors in cancer.