[Ultrasound examination technique of the elbow and wrist joints]

Ultrasound examination of the elbow and hand is invaluable in diagnostics of acute and chronic joint diseases. Ultrasound is a noninvasive, immediately available procedure without radiation, which should be performed after exploration and clinical examination. It cannot, however, replace radiographic examination because the cortical substance represents a barrier for the ultrasound waves so that bony lesions (i.e., intraosseous tumors or osteomyelitis) cannot be detected. In the diagnosis of periarticular soft tissue lesions and intra-articular changes (loose bodies, intra-articular effusion, or synovitis), ultrasound represents an excellent cost-effective method supplying additional information. The sonographic technique is presented with the standard sectional planes according to the directives given by the working group on the musculoskeletal system of the German Society for Ultrasound in Medicine (DEGUM) issued on 20 January 1996.