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Viruses and diabetes.

Elmar Jaeckel1, Micheal Manns, Matthias Von Herrath

  • 1Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. jaeckel_elmar@yahoo.com

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|May 22, 2002
PubMed
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Viruses are implicated in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), a multifactorial disease. Research explores viral triggers, pathomechanisms, and potential protective infections in IDDM pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) involves genetic and environmental factors.
  • Viral infections are investigated as potential triggers for beta cell destruction in IDDM.
  • Evidence includes epidemiological, serological, and virological studies linking viruses to IDDM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of various viruses in the pathogenesis of human IDDM.
  • To discuss pathomechanisms of viral-induced beta cell destruction.
  • To explore viral diabetogenesis in animal models and potential protective viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on enteroviruses, retroviruses, rubella, cytomegaloviruses, and Epstein-Barr viruses in human IDDM.
  • Analysis of animal model studies on diabetogenic viruses.

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  • Examination of data from transgenic mouse models (e.g., LCMV infections).

    • Main Results:

    • Certain viruses are diabetogenic in animals and implicated in human IDDM.
    • Temporal, geographical, and serological evidence links viral infections to IDDM onset.
    • Viral infections can precipitate IDDM in specific models, highlighting pathomechanistic complexities.

    Conclusions:

    • Viruses represent a significant environmental factor in IDDM pathogenesis.
    • Understanding viral triggers is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
    • Emerging treatments focus on modulating immune responses rather than identifying specific autoantigens.