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Related Experiment Videos

Oral tolerance, systemic immunoregulation, and autoimmunity.

Stephan Strobel1

  • 1Immunobiology Unit, Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 1EH, UK. s.strobel@ich.ucl.ac.uk

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|May 22, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Disturbances in oral tolerance, the immune system's response to food antigens, can lead to allergic and autoimmune diseases. Factors like host age and antigen timing significantly influence this delicate balance.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Oral tolerance, an immunoregulatory process following mucosal antigen exposure, is crucial for preventing harmful immune reactions.
  • Disruptions in oral tolerance are implicated in the development of allergic and autoimmune diseases, particularly food allergies.
  • Factors such as host age and antigen administration timing play critical roles in food allergy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms and influencing factors of oral tolerance.
  • To understand the balance between immune tolerance and sensitization after oral antigen exposure.
  • To review the clinical translation of oral tolerance induction for autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and experimental evidence on oral tolerance.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of factors influencing the induction of tolerance versus sensitization.
  • Examination of mechanisms mediating oral tolerance, including deletion, anergy, suppression, and apoptosis.
  • Discussion of regulatory events and cytokines (e.g., TGF-beta, IL-10, IL-4) involved in oral tolerance.

    • Main Results:

    • Oral tolerance induction involves Th2-skewed responses, which can suppress Th1-mediated reactions but may predispose susceptible individuals to adverse effects.
    • Key factors influencing oral tolerance include genetic background, antigen characteristics, administration frequency, host age, and immunological status.
    • Rodent studies suggest multiple low-dose antigen exposures promote regulatory cytokine production by CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells.

    Conclusions:

    • The induction and regulation of oral tolerance are complex and influenced by multiple factors.
    • While experimental models show promise, clinical applications of oral tolerance for autoimmune diseases have faced challenges.
    • Further research is needed to fully characterize regulatory events and optimize clinical translation of oral tolerance strategies.