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Related Concept Videos

Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

Hair Cells

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.

The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

Unrenewable Cells

Unrenewable Cells

In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of their outer...

Auditory Pathway

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Published on: January 25, 2016

Pseudoexfoliation and sensorineural hearing loss.

M Cahill¹, A Early, S Stack

¹Institute of Ophthalmology, University College Dublin, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. cahil005@mc.duke.edu

Eye (London, England)

|May 29, 2002

Summary

Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) is linked to sensorineural hearing loss in a majority of patients, irrespective of glaucoma. This suggests PXF may be a systemic disease affecting multiple body systems.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Otorhinolaryngology
Genetics

Background:

Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) syndrome is increasingly recognized as a systemic condition beyond ocular manifestations.
Evidence suggests PXF may affect various tissues and organs, prompting investigation into systemic associations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between pseudoexfoliation (PXF) and sensorineural hearing loss.
To determine if PXF is associated with a higher prevalence of hearing impairment compared to age-matched controls.

Main Methods:

Sixty-nine patients with PXF underwent comprehensive ocular examinations.
Hearing thresholds were measured and compared to ISO 7029 age- and sex-matched hearing loss standards.
Proportions of ears with hearing loss were analyzed based on PXF status and glaucoma presence.

Main Results:

A significant majority of PXF patients (73.7%) exhibited hearing loss exceeding age-matched norms.
This high prevalence of hearing loss was observed irrespective of PXF presence in one or both eyes, or co-existing glaucoma.
No significant difference was found in hearing loss proportions between eyes with PXF (with or without glaucoma) and eyes without PXF.

Conclusions:

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is strongly associated with sensorineural hearing loss.
The findings support the hypothesis that PXF is a systemic disorder with widespread effects.
Further research into the systemic implications of PXF is warranted.