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Multiple viral infection in Penaeus monodon shrimp postlarvae in an Indian hatchery
Subramaniyan Manivannan1, Subhendu K Otta, Indrani Karunasagar
1Department of Fishery Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, India.
Abstract:
Moribund Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL8-PL10) in a hatchery in India were found to be simultaneously infected by 3 different viruses. They were highly infected with monodon baculovirus (MBV) and hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV) by histology and with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by non-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Apparently healthy postlarvae tested from the same hatchery were positive for MBV and WSSV by nested PCR only. Tissue sections of such postlarvae did not show any histopathological changes. The simultaneous occurrence of these 3 viruses in hatchery-reared postlarval P. monodon is being reported for the first time.
Insights
Three viruses simultaneously infected moribund Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL8-PL10) in India. Monodon baculovirus (MBV), hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV), and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) were detected, marking a novel finding in shrimp aquaculture.
Area of Science:
- Aquaculture
- Marine Biology
- Pathology
Background:
- Hatchery-reared Penaeus monodon (shrimp) are susceptible to viral infections.
- Simultaneous viral infections can exacerbate disease outbreaks and mortality in shrimp populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the viral etiology of mortality in Penaeus monodon postlarvae.
- To identify the specific viruses present in affected and apparently healthy shrimp from a hatchery in India.
Main Methods:
- Histological examination of shrimp tissues.
- Non-nested and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for viral detection.
Main Results:
- Moribund postlarvae showed high levels of monodon baculovirus (MBV) and hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV) via histology, and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) via non-nested PCR.
- Apparently healthy postlarvae tested positive for MBV and WSSV by nested PCR, but lacked histopathological changes.
Conclusions:
- This study reports the first instance of simultaneous infection by MBV, HPV, and WSSV in hatchery-reared Penaeus monodon postlarvae.
- The findings highlight the complex viral dynamics in shrimp hatcheries and the potential for subclinical infections.