The pleura in health and disease

The normal structure and function of the pleura are discussed here in addition to how physiological abnormalities and various pathological processes can upset the finely balanced situation between the visceral and parietal pleural surfaces, leading to effusion formation, and/or adhesions. The various inflammatory and reactive processes that affect the pleura, together with primary and secondary tumor formations are described. Particular emphasis is placed on those conditions of the pleura that are associated with asbestos exposure because this group of diseases will increase over the next few decades due to the large number of workers who have been exposed to asbestos. They will therefore be of increasing importance to the clinician, radiologist, and pathologist in future years.