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Emerging pathogen Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in Nepal
1Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Department of Microbiology-Parasitology/Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Summary
Cyclospora cayetanensis, a parasitic pathogen, shows distinct seasonality in Nepal. Oocysts were found in sewage, vegetables, and animals like mice, rats, chickens, and dogs, suggesting potential transmission sources.
Area of Science:
- Medical Parasitology
- Infectious Diseases
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Cyclospora cayetanensis is an emerging human parasitic pathogen globally.
- Transmission routes and potential animal reservoirs for cyclosporiasis remain largely unknown.
- Cyclosporiasis presents a growing public health concern worldwide.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the transmission dynamics of Cyclospora cayetanensis in Nepal.
- To identify potential sources of infection and reservoir hosts for human cyclosporiasis.
- To determine the seasonality of Cyclospora cayetanensis infections.
Main Methods:
- A longitudinal study was conducted in Nepal from 1995 to 2000.
- Fecal samples were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
- Animal stools (n≈700) and vegetable farm samples were examined for C. cayetanensis-like oocysts.
Main Results:
- Cyclosporiasis exhibited distinct seasonality, peaking in summer and rainy seasons.
- C. cayetanensis-like oocysts were detected in sewage water and vegetable washings.
- Oocysts were also recovered from mice, rats, chickens, and dogs.
Conclusions:
- The findings suggest that contaminated water, vegetables, and certain animal species (rodents, poultry, dogs) may play a role in Cyclospora cayetanensis transmission.
- Further research is necessary to confirm these potential transmission pathways.
- Understanding transmission is crucial for controlling emerging parasitic infections.