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Bacterial adhesion to mucosal surfaces.

R K Taylor1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA.

Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Vibrio cholerae uses toxin-coregulated pili (TCP) for intestinal colonization and virulence. Antibodies targeting the major pilin subunit (TcpA) show potential for developing new cholera vaccines.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Bacteria adhere to mucosal surfaces using various mechanisms, including fimbriae (pili).
  • Vibrio cholerae employs multiple pilus types for intestinal colonization.
  • Toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) is crucial for V. cholerae virulence and colonization in humans and infant mice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms of TCP biogenesis, function, and regulation in Vibrio cholerae.
  • To identify the adhesive component of TCP responsible for bacterial colonization.

Main Methods:

  • Transposon mutagenesis was used to identify genes involved in TCP.
  • Passive immunization of infant mice with antibodies against TCP was performed.
  • Analysis of antibody binding to identify the adhesive moiety.

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Main Results:

  • At least a dozen genes are involved in TCP biogenesis, function, and regulation.
  • Passive immunization with anti-TCP antibodies demonstrated protective effects.
  • The adhesive function of TCP resides in its major pilin subunit, TcpA.

Conclusions:

  • TCP is essential for Vibrio cholerae colonization and virulence.
  • The major pilin subunit (TcpA) is the primary adhesive component of TCP.
  • TcpA or its epitopes are potential candidates for cholera vaccine development.