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Updated: Oct 1, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
Published on: October 13, 2016
Is it dementia? Which one?
Phil Popplewell1, Pat Phillips
1Service Head, Geriatric Unit Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia.
Background:
People fear losing their identity or no longer being themselves. It can be devastating to see someone who spent their life with you turn into someone who looks like your loved one but who no longer recognises you and may be frightened, suspicious, hostile or violent.
Objective:
This article gives practical guidelines with a recognition, definition and differential diagnosis of dementia.
Discussion:
Dementia may not be obvious to the individual, the family or their family doctor and should not be simply attributed to 'Alzheimer's'. Dementias can be confused with delirium or depression and the different dementias have different prognoses and different interventions.
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