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Related Experiment Videos

Eukaryotic DNA polymerases.

Ulrich Hubscher1, Giovanni Maga, Silvio Spadari

  • 1Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland. hubscher@vetbio.unizh.ch

Annual Review of Biochemistry
|June 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Cells maintain genome integrity using DNA polymerases (pols) during division, repair, and damage bypass. The discovery of new pols highlights nature's complex safety mechanisms for genetic stability.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cells must maintain genome integrity for proper development, function, division, and death.
  • DNA polymerases (pols) are crucial enzymes for maintaining genetic information during various cellular processes.
  • The number of known DNA polymerases has expanded significantly, revealing a complex enzymatic network.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the essential role of DNA polymerases in maintaining genome integrity.
  • To discuss the expanding diversity and functions of DNA polymerases.
  • To emphasize the intricate safety mechanisms cells employ for genetic stability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DNA polymerases.
  • Analysis of the functional roles of various DNA polymerases, including newly identified ones.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Categorization of DNA polymerases based on their functions in DNA replication, repair, and damage tolerance.

    • Main Results:

    • Established DNA polymerases (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon) are key to genome maintenance.
    • At least 19 DNA polymerases, including terminal transferase and telomerase, are now known.
    • Novel DNA polymerases, such as pol zeta, eta, iota, kappa, Rev1, theta, lambda, micro, sigma, and phi, have been identified with diverse functions.
    • Many DNA polymerases exhibit multi-functional capabilities, and some DNA synthesis events require multiple pols.

    Conclusions:

    • The expanding repertoire of DNA polymerases underscores nature's multi-layered approach to ensuring genome integrity.
    • Newly discovered DNA polymerases play critical roles in specialized tasks like lesion replication and DNA repair.
    • The functional overlap and combinatorial use of DNA polymerases suggest sophisticated cellular safety mechanisms.