Immunological indicators of disease activity and prognosis in multiple sclerosis

The need to ensure an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment for multiple sclerosis patients, considering the various clinical and immunopathological subtypes of the disease, requires the identification of biomarkers that measure disease activity and predict the course of disease development in individual patients. Moreover, the identification of effective indicators will lead not only to optimized patient treatment but also to the development of better tools for evaluating clinical trials. Recent studies focusing on the identification of possible immunological markers in multiple sclerosis will be reviewed.