Mutations for activity level in Drosophila jambulina perturbed its pacemaker that controls circadian eclosion rhythm

Mutations for activity level, designated hpa and hra, in Drosophila jambulina altered properties of the pacemaker controlling eclosion rhythm. Entrainment of eclosion rhythm was studied in light-dark (LD) cycles of 12:12 h at 28 degrees C. The wild type strain entrained to LD cycles but the hpa or hra strain did not. When these strains were released from constant light (LL) to constant darkness (DD), the wild type strain free-ran while other two strains were arrhythmic. Temperature cycles entrained the wild type and hpa strain in DD and LL, and when transferred to constant temperature following thermoperiodic entrainment, the wild type strain free-ran in DD, while the hpa strain free-ran in LL as if the input of LL was essential for its free-running state. Temperature cycles entrained the hra strain in DD but not in LL, and free-running rhythmicities were never established, suggesting that the hra mutation has altered the basic properties of its pacemaker.