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Interleukin-18 and host defense against infectious pathogens
1First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan. kawakami@med.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
Journal of Immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)
|June 6, 2002
Summary
Interleukin-18 plays a key role in regulating immune responses against infectious pathogens. This cytokine is crucial for developing T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cell immunity, enhancing host defense mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Cytokine Biology
Background:
- Host defense against pathogens involves neutrophils, cellular, humoral immunity, and eosinophils.
- Immune responses are regulated by T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cytokines.
- Interleukin-18 (IL-18), initially identified as interferon-gamma-inducing factor, influences Th1 and Th2 cell development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of IL-18 in host resistance to infectious pathogens.
- To highlight IL-18's involvement in the development and regulation of immune responses.
- To emphasize IL-18's function in Cryptococcus neoformans infection.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on IL-18's immunological functions.
- Analysis of studies investigating host-pathogen interactions.
- Examination of IL-18's impact on Th1/Th2 cell differentiation.
Main Results:
- IL-18 is integral to protective immune responses against various pathogens.
- IL-18 influences both Th1 and Th2 mediated immunity.
- Recent studies underscore IL-18's significance in combating intracellular fungal infections like Cryptococcus neoformans.
Conclusions:
- Interleukin-18 is a critical cytokine for effective host defense against infectious diseases.
- IL-18's regulatory role in Th1/Th2 responses is vital for controlling pathogen replication.
- Further research into IL-18 pathways can inform strategies against challenging infections.