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Related Experiment Videos

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: a review.

Ronald E. Warwar1, John D. Bullock

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, U.S.A.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|June 6, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a severe fungal infection, often fatal, caused by Mucorales. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment, including surgery and amphotericin B, are crucial for survival and preventing lasting defects.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an aggressive, often fatal, fungal infection.
  • Caused by Zygomycetes, primarily Rhizopus species, it invades blood vessels, leading to tissue infarction.
  • Associated conditions include diabetes mellitus, immunocompromise, and renal disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of ROCM, including its pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.
  • To emphasize the critical need for early detection and intervention in this devastating disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on ROCM, focusing on causative agents, disease mechanisms, and clinical manifestations.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including histopathological confirmation.

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  • Evaluation of current treatment strategies, emphasizing surgical debridement and antifungal therapy.

    • Main Results:

    • ROCM involves fungal hyphal invasion of vasculature, causing thrombosis and infarction in nasal, orbital, and cerebral tissues.
    • Common symptoms include rhinitis, facial swelling, necrosis, ophthalmoplegia, and cranial nerve palsies.
    • Mortality rates are high (40-50%), with significant morbidity in survivors.

    Conclusions:

    • Aggressive surgical debridement and systemic amphotericin B are the cornerstones of ROCM treatment.
    • Prompt diagnosis and intervention are essential to improve outcomes and reduce mortality and morbidity.
    • ROCM remains a significant threat, particularly to patients with underlying risk factors like diabetes.