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Relationship between serum complement and different lipid disorders.

A L Pasqui1, L Puccetti, G Bova

  • 1Istituto di Semeiotica Medica, Università degli Studi di Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Italy. pasquian@unisi.it

Clinical and Experimental Medicine
|June 7, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Complement activation, indicated by sC5b-9, is elevated in patients with lipid disorders like hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterol. This suggests a link between complement system activity and various dyslipidemias.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis pathogenesis involves both inflammatory and lipid factors.
  • Recent research indicates a concurrent increase in complement components and lipids within atherosclerotic plaques and circulation.
  • The interplay between the complement system and lipid metabolism is an area of growing interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the complement system and different types of lipid disorders.
  • To assess the levels of the complement terminal complex C5b-9 as a marker of complement activation in patients with dyslipidemia.

Main Methods:

  • Circulating levels of soluble C5b-9 (sC5b-9) were measured in three patient groups: hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia (with low HDL-cholesterol), and low HDL-cholesterol.

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  • A control group of normolipemic subjects was included for comparison.
  • Statistical analyses, including regression analysis, were performed to determine correlations.

    • Main Results:

    • Significantly elevated sC5b-9 levels were observed in all patient groups compared to controls.
    • A direct correlation was found between sC5b-9 and triglyceride levels (r=0.64).
    • Inverse correlations were noted between sC5b-9 and HDL-cholesterol (r=-0.74) and apo-A1 (r=-0.68); no significant correlation with total cholesterol.

    Conclusions:

    • Complement activation is associated with various lipid disorders, particularly those involving hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterol.
    • The findings suggest that complement activation plays a role in dyslipidemias, potentially contributing to endothelial and fibrinolytic disturbances.
    • Reduced HDL levels may impair the function of regulatory proteins carried by HDL, further linking lipid metabolism and complement activity.