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In vivo facial tissue depth measurements for white British children
1Unit of Art in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing and Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Germany.
Insights
Facial tissue depth measurements in White British children aged 11-18 reveal sex-specific differences and age-related changes. This data aids forensic facial reconstruction by providing crucial anatomical information.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Anthropology
- Anatomy
- Anthropometry
Background:
- Accurate facial tissue depth data is essential for forensic facial reconstruction.
- Existing data for children, particularly specific age ranges and ethnicities, is limited.
- Understanding age and sex variations in facial morphology is crucial for accurate reconstructions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To measure facial tissue depths in White British children aged 11-18 years.
- To provide updated anthropometric data for forensic facial reconstruction applications.
- To analyze sex and age-related differences in facial tissue depths.
Main Methods:
- Measurements were taken at 21 anatomical landmarks on the face.
- Ultrasonic echo-location was employed for precise tissue depth assessment.
- Data was collected from a cohort of White British children (males and females, 11-18 years).
Main Results:
- Males exhibited greater tissue depths at the mid-philtral, upper lip border, and lower lip border points.
- Females showed greater tissue depths at the zygomatic attachment point.
- Males demonstrated a general increase in tissue depth with age across midline and cheek points; females showed age-related increases except at specific points (infra-orbital, lateral orbital, mid-zygomatic arch, mid-mandibular).
Conclusions:
- Significant sex-specific differences in facial tissue depths were observed in the studied age group.
- Age-related trends in tissue depth vary between sexes and specific facial landmarks.
- The generated data table provides valuable reference values for forensic facial reconstruction in White British children.
Abstract:
This paper reports the results of a study of facial tissue depth measurement in White British children of both sexes, aged between 11 and 18 years. The purpose of this research was to increase the information available upon tissue depth data for children, primarily for use in forensic facial reconstruction. Facial tissue depths were measured at 21 anatomical points using ultrasonic echo-location. The mid-philtral, upper lip border and lower lip border points showed consistently larger tissue depths in the males than the females, and the zygomatic attachment showed consistently larger tissue depths in the females than the males. The males showed a general increase in tissue depth with an increase in age at all the mid-line facial points and the cheek points. The females showed increased tissue depth with age at all the points except the infra-orbital, lateral orbital, mid-zygomatic arch and mid-mandibular points. A table of mean tissue depths was developed for males and females divided into two-yearly age groups.