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Massive transfusion in dogs: 15 cases (1997-2001).
L Ari Jutkowitz1, Elizabeth A Rozanski, Jennifer A Moreau
1Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
Summary
Massive transfusion in dogs is feasible and can be successful, despite predictable electrolyte and platelet changes. This study analyzed 15 dogs receiving massive transfusions for various conditions.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Emergency and Critical Care
- Hematology
Background:
- Massive blood transfusion is a critical intervention for severe hemorrhage in veterinary medicine.
- Understanding the characteristics, complications, and outcomes associated with massive transfusion in dogs is essential for improving patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the clinical features of dogs undergoing massive transfusion.
- To determine the underlying causes of hemorrhage, associated complications, and survival rates in these patients.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective study was conducted on 15 dogs that received massive blood transfusions.
- Medical records were reviewed to assess transfusion volumes, etiologies of blood loss, transfusion benefits, complications, and outcomes.
- Massive transfusion was defined by specific volume thresholds within defined timeframes.
Main Results:
- The most common indications for massive transfusion were intra-abdominal neoplasia (6 dogs), trauma (3 dogs), and other non-neoplastic blood loss (6 dogs).
- Dogs received mean volumes of packed red blood cells (66.5 ml/kg) and fresh-frozen plasma (22.2 ml/kg).
- All dogs experienced hypocalcemia and thrombocytopenia; 6 dogs had transfusion reactions, and 4 dogs survived to discharge.
Conclusions:
- Massive transfusion is a potentially successful treatment modality in canine patients.
- Hypocalcemia and thrombocytopenia are predictable complications following massive transfusion in dogs.