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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
Qualitative Analysis01:10

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative analysis is the process of identifying elements, ions, or compounds in an unknown sample. It is the first and most fundamental type of analysis based on the hierarchy of analytical goals. This hierarchy is significant as it provides a structured approach to scientific research, with qualitative analysis serving as the initial step, providing essential information before moving on to quantitative or other forms of analysis.
There are two main approaches to qualitative analysis:...
Quantitative Analysis01:12

Quantitative Analysis

Quantitative analysis is a technique for measuring the amount of specific constituents in a sample. When the sample's composition is unknown, qualitative analysis is performed first to identify its components, which ensures that the correct substances are measured during the quantitative phase.
In quantitative analysis, two key measurements are made: the sample quantity and a property proportional to the amount of the analyte (the substance being analyzed). This forms the basis of the method...
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview01:21

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview

Sample preparation is an essential step in the analytical process. It involves preparing a sample so that it can be analyzed accurately. The goal is to extract the analyte, the substance you want to measure, from the sample while removing any components that may interfere with the analysis. Sample preparation techniques vary depending on the physical state of the sample.
Bulk or large solid samples are typically reduced in size using grinding, crushing, or milling techniques to increase the...
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

A Microfluidic Chip for the Versatile Chemical Analysis of Single Cells
15:41

A Microfluidic Chip for the Versatile Chemical Analysis of Single Cells

Published on: October 16, 2013

Analytic chemistry. Everyone's a (future) chemist.

Mark A Burns1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA. maburns@umich.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 8, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Portable lab-on-a-chip devices offer powerful tools for chemical and biochemical analysis. Recent advancements, like optical trap fluid pumping, pave the way for widespread applications in contaminant detection and genetic testing.

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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Microfluidics
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Lab-on-a-chip devices enable complex chemical and biochemical analyses in portable formats.
  • Recent progress focuses on fabricating miniaturized devices for diverse applications.
  • The integration of microfluidic components is key to device functionality.

Discussion:

  • Optical traps manipulating latex spheres demonstrate a novel method for fluid pumping in microdevices.
  • This technique offers precise control over fluid movement at the microscale.
  • The development addresses challenges in microfluidic system fabrication and operation.

Key Insights:

  • Optical manipulation of latex spheres provides a new approach to microfluidic pumping.
  • Successful fabrication of portable analytical devices is advancing rapidly.
  • Miniaturized systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated and capable.

Outlook:

  • Integration of these components will lead to more complex lab-on-a-chip systems.
  • Potential applications include real-time airborne contaminant detection.
  • Further development promises advancements in genetic testing and screening technologies.