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Immunoprophylaxis in poliomyelitis.

T J John1

  • 1ICMR Centre for Virology, C. M. C. & Hospital, Vellore-632 004, Tamil Nadu.

The Journal of Communicable Diseases
|March 1, 1984
PubMed
Summary

India

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Disease control necessitates effective vaccine application strategies.
  • India's oral polio vaccine (OPV) strategy faces challenges in reducing disease incidence.
  • Infant response to OPV and optimal immunization timing are critical factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of India's current oral polio vaccine (OPV) strategy.
  • To identify factors contributing to the suboptimal performance of OPV.
  • To propose an alternative strategy for poliomyelitis control.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of OPV immunisation schedules and disease incidence in India.
  • Assessment of geographic variations in infant response to OPV.
  • Evaluation of the impact of age at immunisation on disease control.

Main Results:

  • The current 3-dose OPV schedule (3 months to 2 years) has not reduced disease incidence.
  • Geographic variations lead to only 80% immunisation effectiveness after 3 doses.
  • Optimal immunisation completion by 6 months is suggested for disease control.

Conclusions:

  • The current OPV strategy in India is suboptimal for disease control.
  • Geographic variability and age of immunisation impact OPV effectiveness.
  • Pulse immunisation in defined population units is proposed as a suitable alternative strategy for poliomyelitis control.

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